Wiki源代码1.4.2 服务管理实践
Version 6.1 by superadmin on 2024/03/28, 14:01
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1 | ====== [[返回:1.4 ITIL 4 的实践方法>>url:https://www.itil4hub.cn/bin/view/D%20%E3%80%8AITIL%204%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E3%80%8B/%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0%20ITIL%204%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E5%AF%BC%E8%AF%BB/1.4ITIL%204%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/]] [[阅读下一页>>https://www.itil4hub.cn/bin/view/D%20%E3%80%8AITIL%204%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E3%80%8B/%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0%20ITIL%204%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E5%AF%BC%E8%AF%BB/1.4ITIL%204%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/1.4.3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5/]] ====== | ||
2 | |||
3 | ====== ====== | ||
4 | |||
5 | ====== 服务管理实践大部分上是 ITIL 原有的设计,总体上全面承接了 ITIL v3/2011 版的内容,其中许多实践已经成了业内的事实上标准,我们先看一下: ====== | ||
6 | |||
7 | ====== ====== | ||
8 | |||
9 | * ((( | ||
10 | ====== 可用性管理(Availability management) ====== | ||
11 | ))) | ||
12 | * ((( | ||
13 | ====== 业务分析(Business analysis) ====== | ||
14 | ))) | ||
15 | * ((( | ||
16 | ====== 容量与性能管理(Capacity and performance management) ====== | ||
17 | ))) | ||
18 | * ((( | ||
19 | ====== 变更控制(Change control) ====== | ||
20 | ))) | ||
21 | * ((( | ||
22 | ====== 事件管理(Incident management) ====== | ||
23 | ))) | ||
24 | * ((( | ||
25 | ====== IT 资产管理(IT asset management) ====== | ||
26 | ))) | ||
27 | * ((( | ||
28 | ====== 监控与事态管理(Monitoring and event management) ====== | ||
29 | ))) | ||
30 | * ((( | ||
31 | ====== 问题管理(Problem management) ====== | ||
32 | ))) | ||
33 | * ((( | ||
34 | ====== 发布管理(Release management) ====== | ||
35 | ))) | ||
36 | * ((( | ||
37 | ====== 服务目录管理(Service catalogue management) ====== | ||
38 | ))) | ||
39 | * ((( | ||
40 | ====== 服务配置管理(Service configuration management) ====== | ||
41 | ))) | ||
42 | * ((( | ||
43 | ====== 服务连续性管理(Service continuity management) ====== | ||
44 | ))) | ||
45 | * ((( | ||
46 | ====== 服务设计(Service design) ====== | ||
47 | ))) | ||
48 | * ((( | ||
49 | ====== 服务台(Service desk) ====== | ||
50 | ))) | ||
51 | * ((( | ||
52 | ====== 服务级别管理(Service level management) ====== | ||
53 | ))) | ||
54 | * ((( | ||
55 | ====== 服务请求管理(Service request management) ====== | ||
56 | ))) | ||
57 | * ((( | ||
58 | ====== 服务验证与测试(Service validation and testing) ====== | ||
59 | ))) | ||
60 | |||
61 | ====== 同样,并非所有的服务实践都要被采用,而是要按照具体业务活动场景来进行科学组合。不过, 从下表可见,如果一个组织能把这些实践都落地了,那已相当伟大。为了便于大家比较,我们制作了一张对应关系表(更详细的比较关系,可以参见 FAQ 章节),把这个部分的内容与 ITIL 以往的版本以及北宙研发的用于一体化运营管理的V-PODAT 进行对应(如下表)。(√表示一致,≈表示有所涉及,空白表示不涉及) ====== | ||
62 | |||
63 | ====== ====== | ||
64 | |||
65 | ====== 表1-2:ITIL 4服务管理实践与标准、方法论等的对应关系表 ====== | ||
66 | |||
67 | |((( | ||
68 | ====== ITIL 4 ====== | ||
69 | |||
70 | ====== 服务管理实践 ====== | ||
71 | )))|((( | ||
72 | ====== ====== | ||
73 | |||
74 | ====== ITIL v2 ====== | ||
75 | )))|((( | ||
76 | ====== ====== | ||
77 | |||
78 | ====== ITIL v3/2011 ====== | ||
79 | )))|((( | ||
80 | ====== ISO20000 2005/2010 ====== | ||
81 | )))|((( | ||
82 | ====== ISO20000 2018 ====== | ||
83 | )))|((( | ||
84 | ====== ====== | ||
85 | |||
86 | ====== V-PODAT ====== | ||
87 | ))) | ||
88 | |((( | ||
89 | ====== 可用性管理 ====== | ||
90 | )))|((( | ||
91 | ====== √ ====== | ||
92 | )))|((( | ||
93 | ====== √ ====== | ||
94 | )))|((( | ||
95 | ====== √ ====== | ||
96 | )))|((( | ||
97 | ====== √ ====== | ||
98 | )))|((( | ||
99 | ====== √ ====== | ||
100 | ))) | ||
101 | |((( | ||
102 | ====== 业务分析 ====== | ||
103 | )))|((( | ||
104 | ====== ====== | ||
105 | )))|((( | ||
106 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
107 | )))|((( | ||
108 | ====== ====== | ||
109 | )))|((( | ||
110 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
111 | )))|((( | ||
112 | ====== √ ====== | ||
113 | ))) | ||
114 | |((( | ||
115 | ====== 容量与性能管理 ====== | ||
116 | )))|((( | ||
117 | ====== √ ====== | ||
118 | )))|((( | ||
119 | ====== √ ====== | ||
120 | )))|((( | ||
121 | ====== √ ====== | ||
122 | )))|((( | ||
123 | ====== √ ====== | ||
124 | )))|((( | ||
125 | ====== √ ====== | ||
126 | ))) | ||
127 | |((( | ||
128 | ====== 变更控制 ====== | ||
129 | )))|((( | ||
130 | ====== √ ====== | ||
131 | )))|((( | ||
132 | ====== √ ====== | ||
133 | )))|((( | ||
134 | ====== √ ====== | ||
135 | )))|((( | ||
136 | ====== √ ====== | ||
137 | )))|((( | ||
138 | ====== √ ====== | ||
139 | ))) | ||
140 | |((( | ||
141 | ====== 事件管理 ====== | ||
142 | )))|((( | ||
143 | ====== √ ====== | ||
144 | )))|((( | ||
145 | ====== √ ====== | ||
146 | )))|((( | ||
147 | ====== √ ====== | ||
148 | )))|((( | ||
149 | ====== √ ====== | ||
150 | )))|((( | ||
151 | ====== √ ====== | ||
152 | ))) | ||
153 | |((( | ||
154 | ====== IT资产管理 ====== | ||
155 | )))|((( | ||
156 | ====== ====== | ||
157 | )))|((( | ||
158 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
159 | )))|((( | ||
160 | ====== ====== | ||
161 | )))|((( | ||
162 | ====== √ ====== | ||
163 | )))|((( | ||
164 | ====== √ ====== | ||
165 | ))) | ||
166 | |((( | ||
167 | ====== 监控与事态管理 ====== | ||
168 | )))|((( | ||
169 | ====== ====== | ||
170 | )))|((( | ||
171 | ====== √ ====== | ||
172 | )))|((( | ||
173 | ====== ====== | ||
174 | )))|((( | ||
175 | ====== ====== | ||
176 | )))|((( | ||
177 | ====== √ ====== | ||
178 | ))) | ||
179 | |((( | ||
180 | ====== 问题管理 ====== | ||
181 | )))|((( | ||
182 | ====== √ ====== | ||
183 | )))|((( | ||
184 | ====== √ ====== | ||
185 | )))|((( | ||
186 | ====== √ ====== | ||
187 | )))|((( | ||
188 | ====== √ ====== | ||
189 | )))|((( | ||
190 | ====== √ ====== | ||
191 | ))) | ||
192 | |((( | ||
193 | ====== 发布管理 ====== | ||
194 | )))|((( | ||
195 | ====== √ ====== | ||
196 | )))|((( | ||
197 | ====== √ ====== | ||
198 | )))|((( | ||
199 | ====== √ ====== | ||
200 | )))|((( | ||
201 | ====== √ ====== | ||
202 | )))|((( | ||
203 | ====== √ ====== | ||
204 | ))) | ||
205 | |((( | ||
206 | ====== 服务目录管理 ====== | ||
207 | )))|((( | ||
208 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
209 | )))|((( | ||
210 | ====== √ ====== | ||
211 | )))|((( | ||
212 | ====== ====== | ||
213 | )))|((( | ||
214 | ====== √ ====== | ||
215 | )))|((( | ||
216 | ====== √ ====== | ||
217 | ))) | ||
218 | |((( | ||
219 | ====== 服务配置管理 ====== | ||
220 | )))|((( | ||
221 | ====== √ ====== | ||
222 | )))|((( | ||
223 | ====== √ ====== | ||
224 | )))|((( | ||
225 | ====== √ ====== | ||
226 | )))|((( | ||
227 | ====== √ ====== | ||
228 | )))|((( | ||
229 | ====== √ ====== | ||
230 | ))) | ||
231 | |((( | ||
232 | ====== 服务连续性管理 ====== | ||
233 | )))|((( | ||
234 | ====== √ ====== | ||
235 | )))|((( | ||
236 | ====== √ ====== | ||
237 | )))|((( | ||
238 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
239 | )))|((( | ||
240 | ====== √ ====== | ||
241 | )))|((( | ||
242 | ====== √ ====== | ||
243 | ))) | ||
244 | |((( | ||
245 | ====== 服务设计 ====== | ||
246 | )))|((( | ||
247 | ====== ====== | ||
248 | )))|((( | ||
249 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
250 | )))|((( | ||
251 | ====== ====== | ||
252 | )))|((( | ||
253 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
254 | )))|((( | ||
255 | ====== √ ====== | ||
256 | ))) | ||
257 | |((( | ||
258 | ====== 服务台 ====== | ||
259 | )))|((( | ||
260 | ====== √ ====== | ||
261 | )))|((( | ||
262 | ====== √ ====== | ||
263 | )))|((( | ||
264 | ====== ====== | ||
265 | )))|((( | ||
266 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
267 | )))|((( | ||
268 | ====== √ ====== | ||
269 | ))) | ||
270 | |((( | ||
271 | ====== 服务级别管理 ====== | ||
272 | )))|((( | ||
273 | ====== √ ====== | ||
274 | )))|((( | ||
275 | ====== √ ====== | ||
276 | )))|((( | ||
277 | ====== √ ====== | ||
278 | )))|((( | ||
279 | ====== √ ====== | ||
280 | )))|((( | ||
281 | ====== √ ====== | ||
282 | ))) | ||
283 | |((( | ||
284 | ====== 服务请求管理 ====== | ||
285 | )))|((( | ||
286 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
287 | )))|((( | ||
288 | ====== √ ====== | ||
289 | )))|((( | ||
290 | ====== ≈ ====== | ||
291 | )))|((( | ||
292 | ====== √ ====== | ||
293 | )))|((( | ||
294 | ====== √ ====== | ||
295 | ))) | ||
296 | |((( | ||
297 | ====== 服务验证与测试 ====== | ||
298 | )))|((( | ||
299 | ====== ====== | ||
300 | )))|((( | ||
301 | ====== √ ====== | ||
302 | )))|((( | ||
303 | ====== ====== | ||
304 | )))|((( | ||
305 | ====== ====== | ||
306 | )))|((( | ||
307 | ====== √ ====== | ||
308 | ))) | ||
309 | |||
310 | ====== 从这张表中可以看到,相比来说,ITIL 4 并没有颠覆以往太多的实践或流程,这是有利于企业平稳过渡的。但我们可以看到,ITIL 4 没有像许多人所说的一样,对 DevOps 的一些方法采用“简单粗暴” 的引用,而是很沉着地继续为服务价值的实现扎扎实实地做贡献。但这不等于说它没有变化,例如下图 : ====== | ||
311 | |||
312 | |((( | ||
313 | ====== ====== | ||
314 | ))) | ||
315 | |((( | ||
316 | ====== ====== | ||
317 | )))|((( | ||
318 | ====== [[image:image-20200615165118-3.jpg]] ====== | ||
319 | ))) | ||
320 | |||
321 | ====== 图1-9 敏捷与传统方式下的发布管理 ====== | ||
322 | |||
323 | ====== ====== | ||
324 | |||
325 | ====== ====== | ||
326 | |||
327 | ====== 这图表明在发布管理中,应该充分关注不同的发布需求,据此选择不同的模式,是传统瀑布模式, 还是敏捷 /DevOps 模式呢?敏捷 /DevOps 模式可以让我们方便地实现蓝绿部署、金丝雀发布等降低风险的发布方式。之所以 ITIL 4 提出将发布和部署分开,是因为 DevOps 的灰度发布模式已经将发布和部署活动分开了。例如,我们可以通过蓝绿部署做到低风险发布,假定蓝环境是生产环境,而绿环境是类生产环境,首先我们可以在绿环境中部署新版的应用程序(此为部署实践的活动),然后通过路由切换,将蓝环境下线,同时将绿环境上线,让用户可以正式访问(此为发布实践的活动)。 ====== | ||
328 | |||
329 | ====== ====== | ||
330 | |||
331 | ====== ====== | ||
332 | |||
333 | ====== 不过需要特别提出的是,在过去的很多年,“炒概念”是一种社会现象,无论是企业还是投资方, 虽然从中牟利者不在少数,但因此受创的恐怕更多。所以我们建议读者应“修身养性”,不是为了“数字化”、“DevOps”、“互联网 +”这些字眼来学习新的方法,而是从业务价值的本质出发, 来看待和逐步掌握这些方法。尤其中国的组织多样性很强,例如银行,它们不仅要面对业务拓展,更面临银监会的监管;又如政府单位没有财务回报的说法,但是为民众提供服务正是政府单位的业务价值。这些才是我们需要关注的价值点。 ====== | ||
334 | |||
335 | |||
336 | [[返回:1.4 ITIL 4 的实践方法>>url:https://www.itil4hub.cn/bin/view/D%20%E3%80%8AITIL%204%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E3%80%8B/%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0%20ITIL%204%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E5%AF%BC%E8%AF%BB/1.4ITIL%204%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/]] [[阅读下一页>>https://www.itil4hub.cn/bin/view/D%20%E3%80%8AITIL%204%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E3%80%8B/%E7%AC%AC1%E7%AB%A0%20ITIL%204%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E5%AF%BC%E8%AF%BB/1.4ITIL%204%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/1.4.3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5/]] |